How Can You Overdose

Ingesting things to kill yourself almost never works and can only cause harm to your body such as organs and brain. Symptoms of an overdose include irregular heartbeat rapid breathing panic confusion vomiting and hallucinations.

Responding To Opioid Overdose National Harm Reduction Coalition

Ask Us Anything.

How can you overdose. These signs may include extreme confusion anxiety paranoia panic fast heart rate delusions or hallucinations increased. Respiratory arrest isnt the only thing that can go wrong. A fatal overdose is unlikely but that doesnt mean marijuana is harmless.

When asking can you overdose on CBD oil your mind could be put comfy understanding that no fatal instances have been reported. Can you overdose on weed. If you stop breathing completely and your breathing is not restarted you can die within minutes.

In the case of a heroin overdose you fall asleep and essentially your body forgets. It is therefore important to consider all of the side effects that Zyrtec can cause such as. Acute lithium toxicity acute overdose.

You can also experience. If youre taking Xanax be sure to tell your doctor about any other. This type is common in children who may ingest the drugs that they found in medicine bottles lying around the house.

Overdoses can be fatal with convulsions and coma typically preceding death. Complications such as pneumonia muscle damage from lying on a hard surface for a prolonged period of time or brain damage from lack of oxygen may cause permanent disability. CBD andCBD oilhave been known to supply unimaginable advantages and assist many people who find themselves searching for restoration or aid.

Death may be more likely if the person ingests other drugs with Vyvanse. On the other hand a person is aware of the drug that he is taking in an intended drug overdose. People addicted to the stimulant can take several steps to avoid experiencing an overdose including seeking treatment.

An overdose requires immediate medical attention. Answered 2 years ago. Methamphetamine overdose can be a life-threatening result of taking too much of the drug.

Vitamin D toxicity is usually caused by large doses of vitamin D supplements not by diet or sun exposure. By Claire Maldarelli Jessica Boddy April 20 2021. In an accidental overdose a person unknowingly takes a drug in its toxic level.

Severe or fatal overdoses happen when Xanax is taken with other drugs especially opioid pain medications or alcohol. Addiction and substance abuse are serious and harmful problems which. Mallika Marshall says you wont overdose on coronavirus antibodies if you get the vaccine after recovering from COVID-19.

Overdosing on the drug is associated with chest pain hallucinations and stroke. There are no deaths attributed solely to marijuanabut its not risk-free. Thats because your body regulates the amount of vitamin D produced by sun exposure and even fortified foods dont.

Addiction Drugs Meth Signs of Use Overdose. Most of the time you will end up vomiting up the substance before enough could get in your system to actually kill you. Is it possible to overdose or have a bad reaction to marijuana.

Although most cases studies report minimal side effects in regard to overdosing with Zyrtec it is important to note that some individuals may be more susceptible to side effects than others. An overdose can also leave you feeling groggy and sleepy during the day and give you nightmares or extremely vivid dreams at night. An overdose may either be accidental or intended.

The signs of using too much marijuana are similar to the typical effects of using marijuana but more severe. Few people actually die from an antihistamine overdose unless they have serious heart rhythm disturbances or breathing problems. Vitamin D toxicity also called hypervitaminosis D is a rare but potentially serious condition that occurs when you have excessive amounts of vitamin D in your body.

Acute toxicity occurs when a person takes too much of a drug in one setting or in a very short period of time.

Far Government Contracts

This rule applies to multiple award contracts which are. Answers To Frequently Asked Questions 2013.

What Is The Federal Acquisition Regulation And Why Does It Matter

A force majeure clause is a federal government contract can potentially relieve your company from performance under the contract.

Far government contracts. In the GovCon space we are generally concerned with only one of them the Federal Acquisition Regulations. Government prime contract or subcontract in addition to the DRS General Purchase Order Terms and Conditions the. Under Federal Procurement Law you cannot simply sell government contracts through novation ventures.

May not commit the government to a definitive contract in excess of the funds available at the time the letter contract is executed. The FAR contains all the rules governing the contracting process as well as all the forms and clauses used in contracts. Federal Acquisition Regulations Government Contracting.

Common issues that occur with the assignment novation clause terms include. Manuel et el Cong. The government uses federal contracts as a procurement mechanism to.

Recordings are posted below and on our YouTube channel. The FAR Federal Acquisition Regulations on Fridays at 12PM Eastern. When the products or services furnished are for use in connection with a US.

The Federal Acquisition Regulation is the principal set of rules regarding government procurement in the United States. This guidance applies to the contracting officer not to the prime contractors contract manager. Federal Acquisition Regulations A quick internet search will yield approximately 89 meanings for FAR from False Alarm Ratio to Fatal Accident Rate.

The FAR which had its beginnings in the Armed Services Procurement Regulation established in 1947 is considered the Bible for federal government contracting. Or other indefinite-delivery indefinite-quantity contracts entered into with two or more sources pursuant to the same solicitation. However since a party to the contract is the United States government walking away of immediately ceasing performance with any serious level of discussion is would not be something your company wants to do.

FAR Part 15 Frequently Asked Questions. The prescription clause states generally that FAR 52219-9 is inserted into solicitations and contracts expecting to exceed 700000 and that offer subcontracting possibilities. 1 whether the seller is simply trying to sell the contract with no real assets 2 how to structure the asset purchase agreement and whether wait for contracting.

This set of rules covers many of the contracts issued by the US military and NASA as well as US civilian federal agencies. The FAR is the government rule book providing policies and procedures for the procurement of goods and services. Subpart 37 - Voiding and Rescinding Contracts.

Contracts issued under the Multiple Award Schedule MAS authority described in FAR part 38. Multiple-award task-order or delivery-order contracts issued in accordance with FAR subpart 165. Subpart 36 - Contracts with Government Employees or Organizations Owned or Controlled by Them.

May not be entered into without competition when competition is required by FAR Part 6 May not be amended to satisfy a new requirement unless that requirement is inseparable from the existing letter contract. A 1 The Government requires any contractor subject to Cost Accounting Standard CAS 416 48 CFR 9004416 Appendix FAR looseleaf edition to obtain insurance by purchase or self-coverage for the perils to which the contractor is exposed except when. FAR Part 15 Frequently Asked Questions.

Research Serv R42826 The Federal Acquisition Regulation Far. A FAR novation agreement only comes into play when there is a sale of the business. Supplement 1 Federal Acquisition Regulation FAR Government Contract Provisions 1.

Six Types of FAR Government Contracts. Subpart 39 - Whistleblower Protections for Contractor Employees. What is FAR.

Subpart 38 - Limitations on the Payment of Funds to Influence Federal Transactions. At Watson Associates LLC we help with government assignment and novation letter agreement with asset purchase sales involving existing federal contracts. Contractors shall carry insurance under the following circumstances.

The following information is derived from the Congressional Research Service. There are several legal issues that arise under federal contract novation agreement FAR law during the purchase and business sales assignment and transfer of federal contract when government contracts are involved.

International Medical Graduates

What you need to know. In order to ensure safe and high-quality patient care they have to take medical and language tests.

White Paper The Role Of International Medical Graduates In The U S Physician Workforce

This systematic review aims to 1 collect all empiric research on intercultural.

International medical graduates. The Royal College does not grant licences to practise. There is no minimum USMLE United States Medical Licensing Exam score. All you have to do is read on to get up to date and verified information on international medical graduates bridging program applying for medicine 2021 medical school entry requirements 2021 applying for medicine 2021 uk graduate entry medicine medicine entry requirements medical school requirements medicine admission medicine course.

The location of the medical school not the citizenship of the physician determines whether the graduate is an IMG. Have passed both parts of the PLAB test within the past two years. Read interesting articles from members of the IMG community and catch up with the latest issues affecting the profession.

International Medical Graduate IMG An International Medical Graduate is a trainee who obtained their medical degree outside of Canada. Given their numbers it is not surprising that international medical school graduates IMGs are found throughout the country and in every specialty. US medical schools have their own definition of international medical graduates.

Graduated from a medical school outside the UK or Switzerland. Helping you transition into the UK medical workforce. Candidates do not have to live in Canada or hold Canadian citizenship to be eligible for Royal College exams.

It explains how to apply for full registration with a licence to practise. IMGs should have a clear understanding of the opportunities available and good knowledge of the immigration processes and requirements of working in the UK. Have completed an internship.

They are either a Canadian citizen or Permanent Resident of Canada and apply for residency training through CaRMS. International Medical Education International medical graduates IMG face unique challenges and issues while continuing physician training and practice in the United States. Obtaining a licence to practise in Canada.

International medical graduates are candidates who have completed postgraduate residency training outside of Canada or the United States. This guide is for international medical graduates. The new health and care visa.

Finkel provides tailored assistance to IMGs as their residency admissions process is more complex and. 2 Of course not all IMGs are alike and as a group they are more heterogeneous than. International students If you are an international student and want to apply to study medicine at the University of Toronto please see the information for US International applicants.

You are eligible to apply for this route if you. The Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine welcomes International Medical Graduates IMGs from around the world who are interested to work or train in Intensive Care Medicine in the UK. Basic requirements for international medical graduates are as follows.

1 Moreover the quality of care they provide is equal to and in some instances better than that of their counterparts who graduated from US. Electronic Portfolio of International Credentials EPIC Providing individual physicians with an on-line tool for building a career portfolio of their primary-source verified medical credentials and for demonstrating the authenticity of those credentials to the entities that registerlicense educate and employ them. Find out what you need to know as an international medical graduate before applying for CaRMS by exploring the online resources provided on the CaRMS website.

International medical graduates IMGs whose medical qualifications are from a medical school outside of Australia or New Zealand and who are seeking registration to practise medicine in Australia must provide evidence of eligibility to undertake one of the following assessment pathways. In 2021 Match rates for US-citizen and foreign national IMGs were 595 and 548 respectively Source. An International Medical Graduate is a physician who received hisher basic medical degree or qualification from a medical school located outside the United States and Canada.

The location and accreditation of the medical school attended determines whether the graduate is an IMG not the citizenship of the graduate. The Medical Research Fellowship Program is intended to provide international medical graduates with the skills necessary to enhance their research careers and pursue graduate medical education residency training in the US. The definition of an international medical graduate is a physician who received a basic medical degree from a medical school located outside the United States and Canada that is not accredited by.

Objectives An increasing number of International Medical Graduates IMG who are defined to be physicians working in a country other than their country of origin and training immigrate to Western countries. Find the latest tips and advice from the AMA on topics like observership programs the Match and more. However approximately the top 10 percent of scores are accepted for interview.

This means that American citizens who graduated from medical schools outside the United States and Canada are considered IMGs.

Best Tea For Kidney Disease

The best tea for kidney disease would ideally be green tea for this sole reason. Drink kidney-cleansing teas Hydrangea A recent animal study found that extracts of Hydrangea paniculate given for 3 days offered a protective effect against kidney damage.

Tea Warm Up With A Cup Kidney Diet Tips

Parsley has medicinal properties that are very beneficial for the kidneys so a tea is one of the best remedies to cleanse and prevent diseases related to renal impairment such as kidney stones or infections.

Best tea for kidney disease. Therefore an increase in xanthine forms crystals which can lead to kidney stones and result in damage to the kidney. If you drink green tea regularly you may also reap several other overall health benefits. Chanca Piedra is the.

The smaller crystals and stones are then passed down harmlessly through the urine. Saw palmetto is well known to help with an enlarged prostate which can cause urinary and kidney problems. Unless you have a kidney condition that requires monitored water intake make H2O your go-to drink.

It is not suitable for people with a sensitive stomach but it is also not recommended when having difficulties with intestines. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors like allopurinol can cause nephropathy. Whether its the best tea for kidney disease is of course a question your doctor can help you solve.

Therefore patients with stage 4 kidney disease can get benefits from corn silk tea. Green tea does not just offer potential benefits for your kidneys. Foods without phosphorus additives.

According to animal studies ingesting hydrangea can have protective qualities at least in the case of kidney injury. Foods low in sodium. A common remedy for kidney stones Cranberry Tea can dissolve calcium deposits in the kidneys due to its acidic and antibiotic properties along with its high Vitamin C content.

In 2011 a research executed by Life Extension reported that green tea extract in the green tea formula prevented kidney damage in lab animals given gentamicin a commonly prescribed antibiotic notorious for its potential to induce profound damage to the kidneys including end stage renal failure. Green tea may be the best tea for kidney disease and will not damage your kidneys. Green tea also reduces your chances of kidney failure or a kidney disease.

Nettle leaf works as the renal detoxing agent and dilutes the kidney stones. The tea from dandelion is one of the best tea for kidneys that you can drink. It works well in rheumatic problems and gout also.

5 Best Herbal Teas to Detox Your Kidneys 1. You should drink two to three cups per day after eating something. Xanthine oxidase will degrade hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid.

Using these herbs to make a tea can have great benefits but it is ultimately water that saves the day. Its a potent antioxidant that contains essential minerals to strengthen and stimulate the kidneys. If you have a kidney transplant you are especially at risk as any interaction between herbal supplements and medicines could put you at risk for losing your kidney.

Johns Wort echinacea ginkgo garlic ginseng ginger and blue cohosh. Hydrangea paniculata is available in kidney cleanse blends. If you really want to help manage your kidney disease with kidney-friendly foods ditch the detox teas and focus on eating healthy foods.

Lots of fresh fruits and vegetables. Avoiding kidney stones Nettle leaf tea is a diuretic that helps you in de-obstructing urinary flow and removes excess uric acid and bacteria from the body. Coumarins have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Luckily you can serve two purposes with these herbal teas health-boosting plant properties plus extra water. Description and Uses. These helpful berries will also curb frequent urination and ensure you empty you bladder completely.

Green tea is literally one of the healthiest beverages on the planet. Best Tea For Kidney Disease If youre somebody dealing with a kidney disease Green Tea is your best bet. Consult the doctor online to determine which herbal tea is best for you.

Xanthine is not very soluble in water. In that case nettle leaf tea boosts the production of the red blood cells and restores vital minerals. A few examples are St.

Although these herbal teas are beneficial for patients with stage 4 kidney disease the selection of herbal tea should also depend on patients illness condition. Saw palmetto is also useful in.

Anxiety Statistics 2020

Emotional disorders can profoundly affect areas like schoolwork and school attendance. Thats around 40 million people.

Half Of Americans Suffering Mental Health Issues During Coronavirus New Poll Shows

According to the National Institute of Mental Health NIMH 435 percent of anxiety disorder sufferers have early-onset to mild anxiety 337 percent have moderate anxiety and 228 percent have high to very high degree anxiety3.

Anxiety statistics 2020. Symptoms of anxiety disorder and depressive disorder increased considerably in the United States during AprilJune of 2020 compared with the same period in 2019 12. One in six females is currently experiencing an anxiety condition compared to one in nine men. World Health Statistics 2020.

71 of females aged 16 to 85 experienced an affective disorder in the last 12 months compared to 53 of men. Related stress depression or anxiety in 201920 was 828000 a prevalence rate of 2440 per 100000 workers. Among adults 95 experienced mild 34 experienced moderate and 27 experienced severe symptoms of anxiety.

Have had an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives. Anxiety is the most common mental disorder in the US. Anxiety impacts 181 of adults in the United States.

Preckwinkle somberly shared 2020 is on pace to be the worst year for suicides in the Black community in a decade The loss of jobs fear of running out of money or getting evicted wont. Its estimated that 311 of adults in the US. Anxiety is more common among women at 234 compared to men at 143.

Anxiety levels of people in the United Kingdom UK from 1st quarter 2012 to 1st quarter 2020 average score 0-10. Anxiety Centre That means one-third of all the money spent on mental illnesses such as schizophrenia etc. Between 20 and 30 March 2020 almost half 496 of people reported high anxiety and average anxiety scores were 52 out of 10 a marked increase from 30 in the last quarter of 2019.

To assess mental health substance use and suicidal ideation during the pandemic representative panel surveys were conducted among adults aged 18 years across the United States during June 2430 2020. During 2019 844 of adults aged 18 and over experienced no or minimal symptoms of anxiety in the past 2 weeks Figure 1. Social withdrawal can exacerbate isolation and loneliness.

The rate of work-related stress depression and anxiety has increased in recent years. The proportion of adults who reported a clinically significant level of psychological distress increased from 207 in 2019 to 295 in April 2020 before returning to 214 in July 2020 and 215. Anxiety disorders are highly treatable yet only 369 of those suffering receive treatment.

Anxiety is the ninth leading cause for adolescents aged 15-19 years and sixth for those aged 10-14 years. At its worse depression can lead to suicide. 179 of females aged 16 to 85 experienced an anxiety disorder in the last 12 months compared to 108 of men.

This was statistically significantly higher than the previous period. Anxiety statistics from 2020 show that about 42 billion were spent on anxiety disorders in the US every year. Office for National Statistics UK.

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the US affecting 40 million adults in the United States age 18 and older or 181 of the population every year. Of the individuals who reported anxiety GAD-7 and depression PHQ-9 in the United States some 52 percent were white non-Hispanic during 2020 while the. 148 billion is used to treat anxiety.

C Reactive Protein Cardiac High

This is where cardiac C-reactive protein comes into play. Cardiac C-Reactive Protein cCRP Cardiac CRP assays are indicated for use as an aid in the identification and stratification of individuals at risk for future cardiovascular disease.

C Reactive Protein A Promising New Marker Of Cardiovascular Risk Consultant360

A recent study found that elevated levels of.

C reactive protein cardiac high. The result is higher levels of CRP in patients with atherosclerosis than in those without atherosclerosis. Chronic inflammation is highly prevalent in patients on hemodialysis HD as evidenced by increased levels of C-reactive protein CRP. We compared CRP to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein hs-CRP to determine whether it has any clinical implications and prognostic significance in terms of mortality.

Cardiac C-reactive protein is used to indicate a persons predisposition to cardiovascular disease. This is because the development of atherosclerosis laying down of cholesterol inside the blood vessel walls is associated with inflammation within the vessel walls. Other tests are performed in conjunction with a cCRP test to determine if a person is at high.

High c-reactive protein levels may predict a higher risk for cardiovascular disease alone or in combination with these other known predictors. C-reactive protein CRP is a substance produced by the liver in response to inflammation. This study investigated the causal effect of hs-CRP on CHD risk using Mendelian Randomization MR analysis.

Other names for CRP are high-sensitivity C-reactive protein hs-CRP and ultra-sensitive C-reactive. What does high C-reactive protein mean for cardiac health. A wide variety of inflammatory conditions can cause elevated C-reactive protein CRP levels including the following.

As the title of the document indicates the FDA introduced a new category or classification for this analyte cardiac CRP cCRP. Your level of C-reactive protein can be an indicator of how at risk you are for developing cardiovascular problems. When used in.

That is when CRP levels are elevated that is an indication that inflammation is occurring somewhere in the body. Some studies have suggested an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease associated with elevated c-reactive protein levels even after correcting for the other risk factors. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein in the blood indicate inflammation infections heart attacks and cancers.

What is the normal level of C-Reactive protein CRP in the blood. Whether high sensitivity C-reactive protein hs-CRP has a causal effect on coronary heart disease CHD is unclear. C-Reactive Protein and Heart Disease Risk CRP seems to predict the chance of having cardiovascular problems at least as well as cholesterol levels.

C-reactive protein CRP is a marker of inflammation in the body and it is produced by the liver. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein hsCRP is a marker of inflammation that predicts incident myocardial infarction stroke peripheral arterial disease and sudden cardiac death among healthy individuals with no history of cardiovascular disease and recurrent events and death in patients with acu. On September 22 2005 the FDA issued new guidelines for industry and FDA staff regarding this analyte entitled Review Criteria for Assessment of C-Reactive Protein CRP High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein hsCRP and Cardiac C-Reactive Protein cCRP Assays.

This can increase someones risk of having a heart attack or developing other cardiac problems such as coronary artery disease arteriosclerosis or stroke. Clearly cholesterol testing would have missed people in. High sensitive C-reactive protein has been shown to be a better predictor of the risk of cardiovascular events than low-density lipoprotein LDL cholesterol 35 In a meta-analysis of 22 studies with an average follow-up of 12 years the top CRP tertile showed a 58 increased cardiac risk compared to.

CRP is a nonspecific biomarker of inflammation. High levels may point to inflammation in the arteries of the heart. Ridkers November 2002 study comparing C-reactive protein and LDL found that cardiovascular risk was actually greater for people in the high CRPlow LDL group than for those in the low CRPhigh LDL group.

What is a C-reactive protein test used for. A total of 3802 subjects were recruited in the follow-up study. Its also known as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and its a biomarker for heart disease.

Autoimmune conditions including rheumatoid arthritis RA lupus and certain. So for instance if you have an infection or active bursitis your CRP level is likely to be high. Linear regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between CRP polymorphisms and hs.

Signs Of Radon

Approximately 1 in 15 American homes is estimated to have radon levels that are at or above the EPA action level. Loss of appetite.

Radon Gas Health Symptoms Advantaclean

Additional long-term symptoms of radon gas exposure include loss of appetite weight loss and fatigue.

Signs of radon. But is this test necessary or can you rule out radon by looking for subtle signs. Read on to learn more. Frequent infections like bronchitis and pneumonia.

Symptoms of exposure would have been useful due to the lack of physical characteristics that we can sense. In fact the US. What is Radon Gas.

Surgeon General has said that radon is the second biggest cause of lung cancer after smoking. The reason for this danger is that radon is a radioactive compound that can cause serious health hazards over a long exposure time. Radon Poisoning Signs and Symptoms.

You wont have symptoms of radon poisoning right away. Luckily for dogs early diagnosis for radon poisoning is highly possible unlike in humans. The only way to be certain your levels are safe is to test.

Since radon is one of the leading causes of lung cancer one of the key symptoms to look out for is a troubling cough. Like people pets will not show symptoms of radon poisoning until cancer is present. Unfortunately it is not.

Here is a list of 10 signs and symptoms from lung cancer due to radon exposure. You cant see smell or taste radon gas. You cant smell it see it taste it or feel it in the air.

One of the defining features of radon gas is that its impossible to use our senses to detect it - unlike a natural gas leak a fire or a flood theres nothing to see smell or hear. Some of those symptoms might include loss of appetite abnormal swellings coughing excessive vomiting lameness and breathing difficulties. There are literally no symptoms.

It is because there are no symptoms that Radon is so dangerous. According to the CDC every home should be tested for radon. If you smoke this can put you at an even higher risk.

The gas itself has no odor and you cannot see it. Again same with humans the signs of radon poisoning may not show up early. Its important to be aware of the symptoms above because not only do they indicate symptoms of radon exposure but consistent exposure to radon can also lead to lung cancer.

Instead exposure to high levels of radon over time puts you at risk of developing lung cancer and it is these symptoms that we often call signs of radon poisoning. So what is this gas really about. Other warning signs of radon exposure include.

It is an inert radioactive gas and the effects are cumulative. So how do you know if your home needs radon testing. Instead health problems from the exposure such as lung cancer show up after many years.

If you do smoke the radon in your home will only amplify your risk of developing lung cancer. Coughing up blood. Coughing difficulty breathing wheezing chest pain coughing up blood loss of appetite and weight loss and even lung cancer.

Some of the symptoms of radon gas exposure include a persistent cough that does not improve coughing up blood hoarseness difficulty breathing and wheezing. Radon is invisible odorless and tasteless and it doesnt cause immediate health symptoms so theres no way to know if you are at risk of radon exposure. Frequent infections like bronchitis and.

There are no symptoms of radon exposure which is unfortunate since it according to the American Cancer Society is the number one cause of lung cancer among non-smokers 1. Not only are elevated radon levels found in homes they are also a problem in schools childcare facilities and workplaces. Because radon is radioactive.

Radon gas inside a house can be very hazardous. If youre exposed to it in high enough concentration over a long period of time it can lead to lung cancer. Signs of Radon Poisoning Since the result of radon poisoning is lung cancer the signs of radon poisoning are the same as the symptoms for lung cancer.

Radon is odorless tasteless and invisible. The symptoms come down the road when you get lung cancer. Though there are no immediate symptoms of radon poisoning you may begin to experience signs of possible long-term exposure.

Resembling lung cancer chest pains and recurring bronchitis or pneumonia are other signs of radon exposure according to National Radon Defense. So diagnosing this problem on your dog too late will not able to save the life of your furry buddy. This is not your usual cough that goes after a week or so.

Even if you are breathing in a high level of radon there are no obvious signs. Unfortunately radon doesnt make itself known. Signs and symptoms of lung cancer from radon exposure can include.

Shortness of breath. Radon can accumulate in some places where ventilation is inadequate such as in an underground mine.