Aortic Valve Disease

Aortic valve disease is a type of heart valve disease that occurs when the valve between your aorta the largest blood vessel and the left ventricle the hearts main pumping chamber doesnt work as it should. Aortic valve disease is common and has significant impact on prognosis and quality of life.

Aortic Stenosis Cardiosmart American College Of Cardiology

This prevents the valve from opening or closing completely.

Aortic valve disease. The aortic valve lies between the left ventricle and that aorta the largest blood vessel in the body that carries blood to the body from the heart. Abnormal valves produce turbulent blood flow and can be infected by bacteria. Aortic valve disease can be caused by aortic stenosis aortic regurgitation or a combination of both.

1 What does aortic valve disease mean. It has been shown to be an effective therapy in all age groups including the very elderly age 90 years. In this educational review we cover the pathophysiology presentation and assessment of aortic stenosis AS and aortic regurgitation AR including the role of imaging modalities beyond echocardiography.

36 Concept of the Heart Team and heart valve centres 37 Management of associated conditions 4. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve opening. All patients with aortic valve disease should follow measures prescribed by their physician to prevent infection of the abnormal valve.

The valve can also become damaged by rheumatic fever infection or. Medical therapy 44 Serial testing 45 Special patient populations 5. In some cases the aortic valve is abnormal from birth.

Aortic valve disease may be a condition present at birth congenital heart disease or it may result from other causes. AORTIC DISEASEASAR BY DR NIKUNJ CTS RESIDENT STAR HOSPITAL CoordinatorDR PSATYENDRANATH PATHURI 21719 2. Aortic valve diseases AVD are often associated with a higher maternal and foetal risk.

The aortic valve may be abnormal from birth congenital or it could become diseased with age acquired. Leggett M1 Otto CM. There have been several significant advances in our understanding of aortic valve disease over the past year.

Many people have heart valve defects or disease but dont have symptoms. Aortic valve disease most often refers to obstruction of the aortic valve aortic stenosis or an aortic valve leak known as aortic regurgitation or aortic insufficiency. Acquired heart valve disease usually involves aortic or mitral valves.

What is aortic valve stenosis. Although the valves are normal at first problems develop over time. The physiological haemodynamic changes during pregnancy may not be well tolerated in patients with significant AVD.

Aortic valve disease 1. Aortic stenosis is one of the most common and serious valve disease problems. The most common congenital aortic valve abnormality called a bicuspid aortic valve occurs when the valve has only two leaflets bicuspid instead of three tricuspid.

Both congenital and acquired heart valve disease can cause stenosis or backflow. Aortic valve replacement is the most commonly performed valve operation. For some people the condition mostly stays.

That is why patients with AVD need pre-conception counselling to risk stratify their condition to ensure a safe and eventless pregnancy. Recent studies suggest that degenerative valvular aortic stenosis is an active disease process. Aortic Regurgitation 41 Evaluation 42 Indications for intervention 43.

ANATOMY The aortic valve is the last of four cardiac valves through which the blood is pumped before it goes to the rest of the body. Aortic stenosis restricts the blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta and may also affect the pressure in the left atrium. The vast majority of aortic valve disease is an.

1Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle 98195 USA. The most common etiologies for aortic stenosis are calcific degeneration rheumatic disease and. Aortic valve disease Aortic valve disease is a condition in which the valve between the main pumping chamber of your heart left ventricle and the main artery to your body aorta doesnt work properly.

Aortic Stenosis 51 Evaluation 52 Indications for intervention.

Bicuspid Aortic Valve Types

Bicuspid aortic valve BAV refers to a spectrum of deformed aortic valves with two functional leaflets or cusps which are often unequal in size. These characteristics served to classify and codify the bicuspid aortic valves into three categories.

A Classification System For The Bicuspid Aortic Valve From 304 Surgical Specimens Sciencedirect

Bicuspid aortic valve BCAV is one of the common congenital abnormality of heart.

Bicuspid aortic valve types. Schematic diagram and images of different bicuspid aortic valve morphology. Three major types were identified. This condition is present from birth.

The Bicuspid Aortic Valve Consortium is investigating the relationship between phenotype and genetics using a very large number 4000 of patients with well-characterised bicuspid aortic valve to allow for genome-wide association studies6 This type of research simultaneously examining the genetics and haemodynamics of bicuspid valves has. What is bicuspid aortic valve. The bicuspid aortic valve is not a disorder confined to the aortic valve but a spectrum involving the aortic valve aortic annulus aortic root ascending aorta and the left ventricular outflow tract.

These characteristics served to classify and codify the bicuspid aortic valves into three categories. Among patients with bicuspid aortic valve and raphe differentiation was possible only in systole in 5 240 of cases and when com-bining diastole and systole in 95 3840 of cases. It can result in premature aortic degeneration with Aortic stenosisAortic regurgitation or both.

Bicuspid valves are classified as type 1 right-left coronary cusp fusion type 2 right-noncoronary cusp fusion and type 3 left-noncoronary cusp fusion. Type 0 no raphe type 1 one raphe and type 2 two raphes followed by two supplementary characteristics spatial position and function. Dichotomous classification is shown in B.

They are most often congenital while an acquired bicuspid valve occurs when there is fibrous fusion between the right and left cusps of a pre-existing trileaflet aortic valve. Codify the bicuspid aortic valves into three categories. Three major types were identified.

It can occur with other heart defects. In bicuspid aortic valve the valve has only two small parts called leaflets instead of the normal three. These characteristics served to classify and codify the bicuspid aortic valves into three categories.

In three bicuspid aortic valves with raphe the valve was misclassified by CT as tricuspid aortic valve. Overall sensitivity and specificity of CT for the diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve were 94 and 100. Type 0 no raphe type 1 one raphe and type 2 two raphes followed by two supplementary characteristics spatial position and function.

Most frequently a bicuspid aortic valve with one raphe was identified type 1 n 269. Bicuspid aortic valve is a type of abnormality in the aortic valve in the heart. The figure demonstrates BAV phenotypes.

BAV can coexist with other congenital cardiovascular malformations particularly coarctation of the aorta COA. Bicuspid aortic valve BAV is the most common congenital cardiovascular malformation affecting approximately 052 of the popu lation. The normal development and arrangement of three cusps is altered rather interrupted during fetal life.

Aortic Valveabnormalities Aortic Valvesurgery. Aortic Valve Stenosisetiology Aortic Valve Stenosissurgery. Patients with BAV are at increased risk of both valvular and vascular complications.

Three major types were identified. Incidence can be 1-2 of population. Aortic Valve Insufficiencyetiology Aortic Valve Insufficiencysurgery.

Type 0 no raphe type 1 one raphe and type 2 two raphes followed by two supplementary characteristics spatial position and function. Different types of bicuspid aortic valves may present with distinct aetiologies and morphologies. Red bands and arrows represent the raphe or commissural fusion.

The Sievers classification and echocardiographic images are shown in A.